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@@ -0,0 +1 @@ +/gruut-ipa-0.13.0.tar.gz diff --git a/python-gruut-ipa.spec b/python-gruut-ipa.spec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9af11c --- /dev/null +++ b/python-gruut-ipa.spec @@ -0,0 +1,972 @@ +%global _empty_manifest_terminate_build 0 +Name: python-gruut-ipa +Version: 0.13.0 +Release: 1 +Summary: Library for manipulating pronunciations using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) +License: MIT License +URL: https://github.com/rhasspy/gruut-ipa +Source0: https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/pypi/web/packages/51/9f/7eff478e38913cc9930527ff40c9ebcb04744dfcd0ddd43bd5a1eb9565b7/gruut-ipa-0.13.0.tar.gz +BuildArch: noarch + + +%description +# Gruut IPA + +Library for manipulating [International Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) (IPA) pronunciations. + +Features include: + +* Getting the category and details of a phone, e.g. "open front unrounded vowel" for ɶ +* Splitting IPA pronunciations into groups of: + * Phones (`/ˈt͡ʃuːz/` to `ˈt͡ʃ uː z` ) + * Phonemes (`/kˈaʊ/` to `k ˈaʊ` for U.S. English) +* Converting pronunciations between: + * IPA + * [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) + * [sampa](https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/) + +Supported Languages: + +* Arabic (`ar`) +* Czech (`cs-cz`) +* German (`de-de`) +* U.S. English (`en-us`) +* U.K. English (`en-gb`) +* Spanish (`es-es`) +* Persian/Farsi (`fa`) +* Spanish (`es-es`) +* Italian (`it-it`) +* Luxembourgish (`lb-lb`) +* Dutch (`nl`) +* Portuguese (`pt`) +* Russian (`ru-ru`) +* Swahili (`sw`) + +## Installing + +```sh +$ pip install gruut-ipa +``` + +## Dependencies + +* Python 3.6 or higher + +For command-line usage, you may also want: + +* [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) +* [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/) + +Install these with: + +```sh +$ sudo apt-get install espeak jq +``` + +## Phones and Phonemes + + + +Phones in IPA are composed of different components: + +* Letters + * [Non-combining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)#Terminology) Unicode characters that represent a distinct human sound (phone) +* Suprasegmentals + * [Non-combining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)#Terminology) Unicode characters that represent language features above individual vowels or consonants + * Stress (ˈˌ), elongation (ː), linking/ties (t͡s), and short/long breaks (| ‖) are suprasegmentals +* Diacritics + * [Combining characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_character) that provide additional information about a phone's pronunciation, such as [nasalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalization) + +See [IPA Chart](https://www.ipachart.com/) for more details. + +### Phonemes + +While phones represent individual sounds, phonemes are the phonetic units of a language that meaningfully distinguish words. A phoneme may be realized by many different phones. For example, the `/r/` in [Standard German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_German_phonology) can be realized as a uvular fricative (χ/ʁ), a uvular approximant (ɹ), or a uvular tap or trill (ʀ/r). + +A phoneme may also be composed of multiple phones, such as the [dipthong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong) `aʊ` in U.S. English (the "ow" in "cow"). + +Supported languages in `gruut-ipa` contain a `phonemes.txt` file in the `gruut_ipa/data` directory. This file has the following format: + +```text +<phoneme> <example> [<replace> ...] +``` + +where `<phoneme>` is a set of IPA letters, like `ɶ` or `aʊ`. The `<example>` is a word whose pronunciation contains the `<phoneme>`. After that, there are one or more optional `<replace>` strings that will be replaced with `<phoneme>`. The German `/r/` example from above might be represented as: + +```text +r brot χ ʁ ɹ ʀ +``` + +Phonemes for a given language come from [phonological analyses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Language_phonologies) and from [public databases](https://phoible.org/). Ultimately, they are geared towards capturing pronunciations from [Wiktionary](https://www.wiktionary.org/). + +## Usage + +Print JSON information about phones: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa describe "ˈãː" | jq . +{ + "text": "ˈãː", + "letters": "a", + "stress": "primary", + "height": "open", + "placement": "front", + "rounded": false, + "type": "Vowel", + "nasalated": true, + "elongated": true +} +``` + +Split an IPA pronunciation into phones: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa phones "ˈjɛs|ˈt͡ʃuːz aɪpiːeɪ‖" +ˈj ɛ s | ˈt͡ʃ uː z a ɪ p iː e ɪ ‖ +``` + +Group phones into phonemes for a specific language: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa phonemes en-us "/dʒʌst ə kaʊ/" +d͡ʒ ʌ s t ə k aʊ +``` + +Convert between IPA, [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/), and [sampa](https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/): + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert ipa espeak "mʊmˈbaɪ" +[[mUm'baI]] + +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert espeak ipa "[[D,Is Iz sVm f@n'EtIk t'Ekst 'InpUt]]" +ðˌɪs ɪz sʌm fɘnˈɛtɪk tˈɛkst ˈɪnpʊt +``` + +Chain commands together: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert espeak ipa "[[k'aU]]" | \ + python3 -m gruut_ipa phonemes en-us --keep-stress +k ˈaʊ +``` + +### Alternative Phoneme Sets + +Some languages have multiple phoneme sets available: + +* U.S. English (`en-us`) + * CMUDict (`en-us/cmudict`) + * [Zamia](https://github.com/gooofy/zamia-speech) (`en-us/zamia`) +* Swahili (`sw`) + * [ALFFA](http://alffa.imag.fr/) (`sw/alffa`) + +Convert from IPA to alternative phoneme set: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert ipa en-us/cmudict "h ɛ l ˈoʊ w ˈɚ l d" +HH EH0 L OW1 W ER1 L D +``` + +Convert from alternative phoneme set to IPA: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert en-us/cmudict ipa "HH EH0 L OW1 W ER1 L D" +h ɛ l ˈoʊ w ˈɚ l d +``` + +## Scripts + +Use the `speak-ipa` script to have [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) pronounce IPA. You may need to `apt-get install espeak` first. + +```sh +$ echo '/hɛloʊ wɝld/' | bin/speak-ipa en-us -s 60 -w 'hello world.wav' +$ aplay 'hello world.wav' +``` + +## Phones + +Supported IPA phones can be printed with: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa print +{"text": "i", "letters": "i", "stress": "none", "height": "close", "placement": "front", "rounded": false, "type": "Vowel", "nasalated": false, "elongated": false, "description": "close front unrounded vowel", "espeak": "i", "sampa": "i"} +{"text": "y", "letters": "y", "stress": "none", "height": "close", "placement": "front", "rounded": true, "type": "Vowel", "nasalated": false, "elongated": false, "description": "close front rounded vowel", "espeak": "y", "sampa": "y"} +... +``` + +A nice table can be generated with [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/): + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa print | \ + jq -r '. | "\(.text)\t\(.espeak)\t\(.sampa)\t\(.description)"' +``` + +Converted to Markdown: + +| IPA | eSpeak | Sampa | Description | +| ---- | ----- | ------- | ----------------------------------- | +| i | i | i | close front unrounded vowel | +| y | y | y | close front rounded vowel | +| ɨ | i" | 1 | close central unrounded vowel | +| ʉ | u" | } | close central rounded vowel | +| ɯ | u- | M | close back unrounded vowel | +| u | u | u | close back rounded vowel | +| ɪ | I | I | near-close near-front unrounded vowel | +| ʏ | I. | Y | near-close near-front rounded vowel | +| ʊ | U | U | near-close near-back rounded vowel | +| e | e | e | close-mid front unrounded vowel | +| ø | Y | 2 | close-mid front rounded vowel | +| ɘ | @ | @\\ | close-mid central unrounded vowel | +| ɵ | @. | 8 | close-mid central rounded vowel | +| ɤ | o- | 7 | close-mid back unrounded vowel | +| o | o | o | close-mid back rounded vowel | +| ɛ | E | E | open-mid front unrounded vowel | +| œ | W | 9 | open-mid front rounded vowel | +| ɜ | V" | 3 | open-mid central unrounded vowel | +| ɞ | O" | 3\\ | open-mid central rounded vowel | +| ʌ | V | V | open-mid back unrounded vowel | +| ɔ | O | O | open-mid back rounded vowel | +| æ | a | { | near-open front unrounded vowel | +| ɐ | V | 6 | near-open central unrounded vowel | +| a | a | a | open front unrounded vowel | +| ɶ | W | & | open front rounded vowel | +| ɑ | A | A | open back unrounded vowel | +| ɒ | A. | Q | open back rounded vowel | +| m | m | m | voiced bilabial nasal | +| ɱ | M | F | voiced labio-dental nasal | +| n | n | n | voiced alveolar nasal | +| ɳ | n. | n\` | voiced retroflex nasal | +| ŋ | N | N | voiced velar nasal | +| ɴ | n" | N\\ | voiced uvular nasal | +| p | p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | +| b | b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | +| t | t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | +| d | d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | +| ʈ | t. | t\` | voiceless retroflex plosive | +| ɖ | d. | d\` | voiced retroflex plosive | +| c | c | c | voiceless palatal plosive | +| ɟ | J | J\\ | voiced palatal plosive | +| k | k | k | voiceless velar plosive | +| ɡ | g | g | voiced velar plosive | +| g | g | g | voiced velar plosive | +| q | q | q | voiceless uvular plosive | +| ɢ | G | G\\ | voiced uvular plosive | +| ʡ | | >\\ | voiceless pharyngeal plosive | +| ʔ | ? | ? | voiceless glottal plosive | +| p͡f | pf | pf | voiceless labio-dental affricate | +| b͡v | bv | bv | voiced dental affricate | +| t̪͡s | ts | t_ds | voiceless dental affricate | +| t͡s | ts | ts | voiceless alveolar affricate | +| d͡z | dz | dz | voiced alveolar affricate | +| t͡ʃ | tS | tS | voiceless post-alveolar affricate | +| d͡ʒ | dZ | dZ | voiced post-alveolar affricate | +| ʈ͡ʂ | tS | ts\` | voiceless retroflex affricate | +| ɖ͡ʐ | dz | dz\` | voiced retroflex affricate | +| t͡ɕ | tS; | ts\\ | voiceless palatal affricate | +| d͡ʑ | dZ; | dz\\ | voiced palatal affricate | +| k͡x | k | k_x | voiceless velar affricate | +| ɸ | F | p\\ | voiceless bilabial fricative | +| β | B | B | voiced bilabial fricative | +| f | f | f | voiceless labio-dental fricative | +| v | v | v | voiced labio-dental fricative | +| θ | T | T | voiceless dental fricative | +| ð | D | D | voiced dental fricative | +| s | s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | +| z | z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | +| ʃ | S | S | voiceless post-alveolar fricative | +| ʒ | Z | Z | voiced post-alveolar fricative | +| ʂ | s. | s\` | voiceless retroflex fricative | +| ʐ | z. | z\` | voiced palatal fricative | +| ç | C | C | voiceless palatal fricative | +| x | x | x | voiceless velar fricative | +| ɣ | Q | G | voiced velar fricative | +| χ | X | X | voiceless uvular fricative | +| ʁ | g" | R | voiced uvular fricative | +| ħ | H | X\\ | voiceless pharyngeal fricative | +| h | h | h | voiceless glottal fricative | +| ɦ | h<?> | h\\ | voiced glottal fricative | +| w | w | w | voiced bilabial approximant | +| ʋ | v# | v\\ | voiced labio-dental approximant | +| ɹ | r | r\\ | voiced alveolar approximant | +| ɻ | r. | r\\\` | voiced retroflex approximant | +| j | j | j | voiced palatal approximant | +| ɰ | Q | M\\ | voiced velar approximant | +| ⱱ | ⱱ | ⱱ | voiced labio-dental flap | +| ɾ | * | 4 | voiced alveolar flap | +| ɽ | *. | r\` | voiced retroflex flap | +| ʙ | b<trl> | B\\ | voiced bilabial trill | +| r | r<trl> | r | voiced alveolar trill | +| ʀ | r" | R\\ | voiced uvular trill | +| l | l | l | voiced alveolar lateral-approximant | +| ɫ | l | 5 | voiced alveolar lateral-approximant | +| ɭ | l. | l\` | voiced retroflex lateral-approximant | +| ʎ | l^ | L | voiced palatal lateral-approximant | +| ʟ | L | L\\ | voiced velar lateral-approximant | +| ə | @ | @ | schwa | +| ɚ | 3 | @\` | r-coloured schwa | +| ɝ | 3 | @\` | r-coloured schwa | +| ɹ̩ | r- | r\\̩ | voiced alveolar approximant | + +If you see anything wrong or missing, please let me know. + + + + +%package -n python3-gruut-ipa +Summary: Library for manipulating pronunciations using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) +Provides: python-gruut-ipa +BuildRequires: python3-devel +BuildRequires: python3-setuptools +BuildRequires: python3-pip +%description -n python3-gruut-ipa +# Gruut IPA + +Library for manipulating [International Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) (IPA) pronunciations. + +Features include: + +* Getting the category and details of a phone, e.g. "open front unrounded vowel" for ɶ +* Splitting IPA pronunciations into groups of: + * Phones (`/ˈt͡ʃuːz/` to `ˈt͡ʃ uː z` ) + * Phonemes (`/kˈaʊ/` to `k ˈaʊ` for U.S. English) +* Converting pronunciations between: + * IPA + * [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) + * [sampa](https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/) + +Supported Languages: + +* Arabic (`ar`) +* Czech (`cs-cz`) +* German (`de-de`) +* U.S. English (`en-us`) +* U.K. English (`en-gb`) +* Spanish (`es-es`) +* Persian/Farsi (`fa`) +* Spanish (`es-es`) +* Italian (`it-it`) +* Luxembourgish (`lb-lb`) +* Dutch (`nl`) +* Portuguese (`pt`) +* Russian (`ru-ru`) +* Swahili (`sw`) + +## Installing + +```sh +$ pip install gruut-ipa +``` + +## Dependencies + +* Python 3.6 or higher + +For command-line usage, you may also want: + +* [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) +* [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/) + +Install these with: + +```sh +$ sudo apt-get install espeak jq +``` + +## Phones and Phonemes + + + +Phones in IPA are composed of different components: + +* Letters + * [Non-combining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)#Terminology) Unicode characters that represent a distinct human sound (phone) +* Suprasegmentals + * [Non-combining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)#Terminology) Unicode characters that represent language features above individual vowels or consonants + * Stress (ˈˌ), elongation (ː), linking/ties (t͡s), and short/long breaks (| ‖) are suprasegmentals +* Diacritics + * [Combining characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_character) that provide additional information about a phone's pronunciation, such as [nasalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalization) + +See [IPA Chart](https://www.ipachart.com/) for more details. + +### Phonemes + +While phones represent individual sounds, phonemes are the phonetic units of a language that meaningfully distinguish words. A phoneme may be realized by many different phones. For example, the `/r/` in [Standard German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_German_phonology) can be realized as a uvular fricative (χ/ʁ), a uvular approximant (ɹ), or a uvular tap or trill (ʀ/r). + +A phoneme may also be composed of multiple phones, such as the [dipthong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong) `aʊ` in U.S. English (the "ow" in "cow"). + +Supported languages in `gruut-ipa` contain a `phonemes.txt` file in the `gruut_ipa/data` directory. This file has the following format: + +```text +<phoneme> <example> [<replace> ...] +``` + +where `<phoneme>` is a set of IPA letters, like `ɶ` or `aʊ`. The `<example>` is a word whose pronunciation contains the `<phoneme>`. After that, there are one or more optional `<replace>` strings that will be replaced with `<phoneme>`. The German `/r/` example from above might be represented as: + +```text +r brot χ ʁ ɹ ʀ +``` + +Phonemes for a given language come from [phonological analyses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Language_phonologies) and from [public databases](https://phoible.org/). Ultimately, they are geared towards capturing pronunciations from [Wiktionary](https://www.wiktionary.org/). + +## Usage + +Print JSON information about phones: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa describe "ˈãː" | jq . +{ + "text": "ˈãː", + "letters": "a", + "stress": "primary", + "height": "open", + "placement": "front", + "rounded": false, + "type": "Vowel", + "nasalated": true, + "elongated": true +} +``` + +Split an IPA pronunciation into phones: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa phones "ˈjɛs|ˈt͡ʃuːz aɪpiːeɪ‖" +ˈj ɛ s | ˈt͡ʃ uː z a ɪ p iː e ɪ ‖ +``` + +Group phones into phonemes for a specific language: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa phonemes en-us "/dʒʌst ə kaʊ/" +d͡ʒ ʌ s t ə k aʊ +``` + +Convert between IPA, [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/), and [sampa](https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/): + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert ipa espeak "mʊmˈbaɪ" +[[mUm'baI]] + +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert espeak ipa "[[D,Is Iz sVm f@n'EtIk t'Ekst 'InpUt]]" +ðˌɪs ɪz sʌm fɘnˈɛtɪk tˈɛkst ˈɪnpʊt +``` + +Chain commands together: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert espeak ipa "[[k'aU]]" | \ + python3 -m gruut_ipa phonemes en-us --keep-stress +k ˈaʊ +``` + +### Alternative Phoneme Sets + +Some languages have multiple phoneme sets available: + +* U.S. English (`en-us`) + * CMUDict (`en-us/cmudict`) + * [Zamia](https://github.com/gooofy/zamia-speech) (`en-us/zamia`) +* Swahili (`sw`) + * [ALFFA](http://alffa.imag.fr/) (`sw/alffa`) + +Convert from IPA to alternative phoneme set: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert ipa en-us/cmudict "h ɛ l ˈoʊ w ˈɚ l d" +HH EH0 L OW1 W ER1 L D +``` + +Convert from alternative phoneme set to IPA: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert en-us/cmudict ipa "HH EH0 L OW1 W ER1 L D" +h ɛ l ˈoʊ w ˈɚ l d +``` + +## Scripts + +Use the `speak-ipa` script to have [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) pronounce IPA. You may need to `apt-get install espeak` first. + +```sh +$ echo '/hɛloʊ wɝld/' | bin/speak-ipa en-us -s 60 -w 'hello world.wav' +$ aplay 'hello world.wav' +``` + +## Phones + +Supported IPA phones can be printed with: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa print +{"text": "i", "letters": "i", "stress": "none", "height": "close", "placement": "front", "rounded": false, "type": "Vowel", "nasalated": false, "elongated": false, "description": "close front unrounded vowel", "espeak": "i", "sampa": "i"} +{"text": "y", "letters": "y", "stress": "none", "height": "close", "placement": "front", "rounded": true, "type": "Vowel", "nasalated": false, "elongated": false, "description": "close front rounded vowel", "espeak": "y", "sampa": "y"} +... +``` + +A nice table can be generated with [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/): + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa print | \ + jq -r '. | "\(.text)\t\(.espeak)\t\(.sampa)\t\(.description)"' +``` + +Converted to Markdown: + +| IPA | eSpeak | Sampa | Description | +| ---- | ----- | ------- | ----------------------------------- | +| i | i | i | close front unrounded vowel | +| y | y | y | close front rounded vowel | +| ɨ | i" | 1 | close central unrounded vowel | +| ʉ | u" | } | close central rounded vowel | +| ɯ | u- | M | close back unrounded vowel | +| u | u | u | close back rounded vowel | +| ɪ | I | I | near-close near-front unrounded vowel | +| ʏ | I. | Y | near-close near-front rounded vowel | +| ʊ | U | U | near-close near-back rounded vowel | +| e | e | e | close-mid front unrounded vowel | +| ø | Y | 2 | close-mid front rounded vowel | +| ɘ | @ | @\\ | close-mid central unrounded vowel | +| ɵ | @. | 8 | close-mid central rounded vowel | +| ɤ | o- | 7 | close-mid back unrounded vowel | +| o | o | o | close-mid back rounded vowel | +| ɛ | E | E | open-mid front unrounded vowel | +| œ | W | 9 | open-mid front rounded vowel | +| ɜ | V" | 3 | open-mid central unrounded vowel | +| ɞ | O" | 3\\ | open-mid central rounded vowel | +| ʌ | V | V | open-mid back unrounded vowel | +| ɔ | O | O | open-mid back rounded vowel | +| æ | a | { | near-open front unrounded vowel | +| ɐ | V | 6 | near-open central unrounded vowel | +| a | a | a | open front unrounded vowel | +| ɶ | W | & | open front rounded vowel | +| ɑ | A | A | open back unrounded vowel | +| ɒ | A. | Q | open back rounded vowel | +| m | m | m | voiced bilabial nasal | +| ɱ | M | F | voiced labio-dental nasal | +| n | n | n | voiced alveolar nasal | +| ɳ | n. | n\` | voiced retroflex nasal | +| ŋ | N | N | voiced velar nasal | +| ɴ | n" | N\\ | voiced uvular nasal | +| p | p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | +| b | b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | +| t | t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | +| d | d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | +| ʈ | t. | t\` | voiceless retroflex plosive | +| ɖ | d. | d\` | voiced retroflex plosive | +| c | c | c | voiceless palatal plosive | +| ɟ | J | J\\ | voiced palatal plosive | +| k | k | k | voiceless velar plosive | +| ɡ | g | g | voiced velar plosive | +| g | g | g | voiced velar plosive | +| q | q | q | voiceless uvular plosive | +| ɢ | G | G\\ | voiced uvular plosive | +| ʡ | | >\\ | voiceless pharyngeal plosive | +| ʔ | ? | ? | voiceless glottal plosive | +| p͡f | pf | pf | voiceless labio-dental affricate | +| b͡v | bv | bv | voiced dental affricate | +| t̪͡s | ts | t_ds | voiceless dental affricate | +| t͡s | ts | ts | voiceless alveolar affricate | +| d͡z | dz | dz | voiced alveolar affricate | +| t͡ʃ | tS | tS | voiceless post-alveolar affricate | +| d͡ʒ | dZ | dZ | voiced post-alveolar affricate | +| ʈ͡ʂ | tS | ts\` | voiceless retroflex affricate | +| ɖ͡ʐ | dz | dz\` | voiced retroflex affricate | +| t͡ɕ | tS; | ts\\ | voiceless palatal affricate | +| d͡ʑ | dZ; | dz\\ | voiced palatal affricate | +| k͡x | k | k_x | voiceless velar affricate | +| ɸ | F | p\\ | voiceless bilabial fricative | +| β | B | B | voiced bilabial fricative | +| f | f | f | voiceless labio-dental fricative | +| v | v | v | voiced labio-dental fricative | +| θ | T | T | voiceless dental fricative | +| ð | D | D | voiced dental fricative | +| s | s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | +| z | z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | +| ʃ | S | S | voiceless post-alveolar fricative | +| ʒ | Z | Z | voiced post-alveolar fricative | +| ʂ | s. | s\` | voiceless retroflex fricative | +| ʐ | z. | z\` | voiced palatal fricative | +| ç | C | C | voiceless palatal fricative | +| x | x | x | voiceless velar fricative | +| ɣ | Q | G | voiced velar fricative | +| χ | X | X | voiceless uvular fricative | +| ʁ | g" | R | voiced uvular fricative | +| ħ | H | X\\ | voiceless pharyngeal fricative | +| h | h | h | voiceless glottal fricative | +| ɦ | h<?> | h\\ | voiced glottal fricative | +| w | w | w | voiced bilabial approximant | +| ʋ | v# | v\\ | voiced labio-dental approximant | +| ɹ | r | r\\ | voiced alveolar approximant | +| ɻ | r. | r\\\` | voiced retroflex approximant | +| j | j | j | voiced palatal approximant | +| ɰ | Q | M\\ | voiced velar approximant | +| ⱱ | ⱱ | ⱱ | voiced labio-dental flap | +| ɾ | * | 4 | voiced alveolar flap | +| ɽ | *. | r\` | voiced retroflex flap | +| ʙ | b<trl> | B\\ | voiced bilabial trill | +| r | r<trl> | r | voiced alveolar trill | +| ʀ | r" | R\\ | voiced uvular trill | +| l | l | l | voiced alveolar lateral-approximant | +| ɫ | l | 5 | voiced alveolar lateral-approximant | +| ɭ | l. | l\` | voiced retroflex lateral-approximant | +| ʎ | l^ | L | voiced palatal lateral-approximant | +| ʟ | L | L\\ | voiced velar lateral-approximant | +| ə | @ | @ | schwa | +| ɚ | 3 | @\` | r-coloured schwa | +| ɝ | 3 | @\` | r-coloured schwa | +| ɹ̩ | r- | r\\̩ | voiced alveolar approximant | + +If you see anything wrong or missing, please let me know. + + + + +%package help +Summary: Development documents and examples for gruut-ipa +Provides: python3-gruut-ipa-doc +%description help +# Gruut IPA + +Library for manipulating [International Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) (IPA) pronunciations. + +Features include: + +* Getting the category and details of a phone, e.g. "open front unrounded vowel" for ɶ +* Splitting IPA pronunciations into groups of: + * Phones (`/ˈt͡ʃuːz/` to `ˈt͡ʃ uː z` ) + * Phonemes (`/kˈaʊ/` to `k ˈaʊ` for U.S. English) +* Converting pronunciations between: + * IPA + * [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) + * [sampa](https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/) + +Supported Languages: + +* Arabic (`ar`) +* Czech (`cs-cz`) +* German (`de-de`) +* U.S. English (`en-us`) +* U.K. English (`en-gb`) +* Spanish (`es-es`) +* Persian/Farsi (`fa`) +* Spanish (`es-es`) +* Italian (`it-it`) +* Luxembourgish (`lb-lb`) +* Dutch (`nl`) +* Portuguese (`pt`) +* Russian (`ru-ru`) +* Swahili (`sw`) + +## Installing + +```sh +$ pip install gruut-ipa +``` + +## Dependencies + +* Python 3.6 or higher + +For command-line usage, you may also want: + +* [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) +* [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/) + +Install these with: + +```sh +$ sudo apt-get install espeak jq +``` + +## Phones and Phonemes + + + +Phones in IPA are composed of different components: + +* Letters + * [Non-combining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)#Terminology) Unicode characters that represent a distinct human sound (phone) +* Suprasegmentals + * [Non-combining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(computing)#Terminology) Unicode characters that represent language features above individual vowels or consonants + * Stress (ˈˌ), elongation (ː), linking/ties (t͡s), and short/long breaks (| ‖) are suprasegmentals +* Diacritics + * [Combining characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_character) that provide additional information about a phone's pronunciation, such as [nasalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalization) + +See [IPA Chart](https://www.ipachart.com/) for more details. + +### Phonemes + +While phones represent individual sounds, phonemes are the phonetic units of a language that meaningfully distinguish words. A phoneme may be realized by many different phones. For example, the `/r/` in [Standard German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_German_phonology) can be realized as a uvular fricative (χ/ʁ), a uvular approximant (ɹ), or a uvular tap or trill (ʀ/r). + +A phoneme may also be composed of multiple phones, such as the [dipthong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong) `aʊ` in U.S. English (the "ow" in "cow"). + +Supported languages in `gruut-ipa` contain a `phonemes.txt` file in the `gruut_ipa/data` directory. This file has the following format: + +```text +<phoneme> <example> [<replace> ...] +``` + +where `<phoneme>` is a set of IPA letters, like `ɶ` or `aʊ`. The `<example>` is a word whose pronunciation contains the `<phoneme>`. After that, there are one or more optional `<replace>` strings that will be replaced with `<phoneme>`. The German `/r/` example from above might be represented as: + +```text +r brot χ ʁ ɹ ʀ +``` + +Phonemes for a given language come from [phonological analyses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Language_phonologies) and from [public databases](https://phoible.org/). Ultimately, they are geared towards capturing pronunciations from [Wiktionary](https://www.wiktionary.org/). + +## Usage + +Print JSON information about phones: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa describe "ˈãː" | jq . +{ + "text": "ˈãː", + "letters": "a", + "stress": "primary", + "height": "open", + "placement": "front", + "rounded": false, + "type": "Vowel", + "nasalated": true, + "elongated": true +} +``` + +Split an IPA pronunciation into phones: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa phones "ˈjɛs|ˈt͡ʃuːz aɪpiːeɪ‖" +ˈj ɛ s | ˈt͡ʃ uː z a ɪ p iː e ɪ ‖ +``` + +Group phones into phonemes for a specific language: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa phonemes en-us "/dʒʌst ə kaʊ/" +d͡ʒ ʌ s t ə k aʊ +``` + +Convert between IPA, [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/), and [sampa](https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/): + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert ipa espeak "mʊmˈbaɪ" +[[mUm'baI]] + +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert espeak ipa "[[D,Is Iz sVm f@n'EtIk t'Ekst 'InpUt]]" +ðˌɪs ɪz sʌm fɘnˈɛtɪk tˈɛkst ˈɪnpʊt +``` + +Chain commands together: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert espeak ipa "[[k'aU]]" | \ + python3 -m gruut_ipa phonemes en-us --keep-stress +k ˈaʊ +``` + +### Alternative Phoneme Sets + +Some languages have multiple phoneme sets available: + +* U.S. English (`en-us`) + * CMUDict (`en-us/cmudict`) + * [Zamia](https://github.com/gooofy/zamia-speech) (`en-us/zamia`) +* Swahili (`sw`) + * [ALFFA](http://alffa.imag.fr/) (`sw/alffa`) + +Convert from IPA to alternative phoneme set: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert ipa en-us/cmudict "h ɛ l ˈoʊ w ˈɚ l d" +HH EH0 L OW1 W ER1 L D +``` + +Convert from alternative phoneme set to IPA: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa convert en-us/cmudict ipa "HH EH0 L OW1 W ER1 L D" +h ɛ l ˈoʊ w ˈɚ l d +``` + +## Scripts + +Use the `speak-ipa` script to have [espeak](https://github.com/espeak-ng/) pronounce IPA. You may need to `apt-get install espeak` first. + +```sh +$ echo '/hɛloʊ wɝld/' | bin/speak-ipa en-us -s 60 -w 'hello world.wav' +$ aplay 'hello world.wav' +``` + +## Phones + +Supported IPA phones can be printed with: + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa print +{"text": "i", "letters": "i", "stress": "none", "height": "close", "placement": "front", "rounded": false, "type": "Vowel", "nasalated": false, "elongated": false, "description": "close front unrounded vowel", "espeak": "i", "sampa": "i"} +{"text": "y", "letters": "y", "stress": "none", "height": "close", "placement": "front", "rounded": true, "type": "Vowel", "nasalated": false, "elongated": false, "description": "close front rounded vowel", "espeak": "y", "sampa": "y"} +... +``` + +A nice table can be generated with [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/): + +```sh +$ python3 -m gruut_ipa print | \ + jq -r '. | "\(.text)\t\(.espeak)\t\(.sampa)\t\(.description)"' +``` + +Converted to Markdown: + +| IPA | eSpeak | Sampa | Description | +| ---- | ----- | ------- | ----------------------------------- | +| i | i | i | close front unrounded vowel | +| y | y | y | close front rounded vowel | +| ɨ | i" | 1 | close central unrounded vowel | +| ʉ | u" | } | close central rounded vowel | +| ɯ | u- | M | close back unrounded vowel | +| u | u | u | close back rounded vowel | +| ɪ | I | I | near-close near-front unrounded vowel | +| ʏ | I. | Y | near-close near-front rounded vowel | +| ʊ | U | U | near-close near-back rounded vowel | +| e | e | e | close-mid front unrounded vowel | +| ø | Y | 2 | close-mid front rounded vowel | +| ɘ | @ | @\\ | close-mid central unrounded vowel | +| ɵ | @. | 8 | close-mid central rounded vowel | +| ɤ | o- | 7 | close-mid back unrounded vowel | +| o | o | o | close-mid back rounded vowel | +| ɛ | E | E | open-mid front unrounded vowel | +| œ | W | 9 | open-mid front rounded vowel | +| ɜ | V" | 3 | open-mid central unrounded vowel | +| ɞ | O" | 3\\ | open-mid central rounded vowel | +| ʌ | V | V | open-mid back unrounded vowel | +| ɔ | O | O | open-mid back rounded vowel | +| æ | a | { | near-open front unrounded vowel | +| ɐ | V | 6 | near-open central unrounded vowel | +| a | a | a | open front unrounded vowel | +| ɶ | W | & | open front rounded vowel | +| ɑ | A | A | open back unrounded vowel | +| ɒ | A. | Q | open back rounded vowel | +| m | m | m | voiced bilabial nasal | +| ɱ | M | F | voiced labio-dental nasal | +| n | n | n | voiced alveolar nasal | +| ɳ | n. | n\` | voiced retroflex nasal | +| ŋ | N | N | voiced velar nasal | +| ɴ | n" | N\\ | voiced uvular nasal | +| p | p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | +| b | b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | +| t | t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | +| d | d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | +| ʈ | t. | t\` | voiceless retroflex plosive | +| ɖ | d. | d\` | voiced retroflex plosive | +| c | c | c | voiceless palatal plosive | +| ɟ | J | J\\ | voiced palatal plosive | +| k | k | k | voiceless velar plosive | +| ɡ | g | g | voiced velar plosive | +| g | g | g | voiced velar plosive | +| q | q | q | voiceless uvular plosive | +| ɢ | G | G\\ | voiced uvular plosive | +| ʡ | | >\\ | voiceless pharyngeal plosive | +| ʔ | ? | ? | voiceless glottal plosive | +| p͡f | pf | pf | voiceless labio-dental affricate | +| b͡v | bv | bv | voiced dental affricate | +| t̪͡s | ts | t_ds | voiceless dental affricate | +| t͡s | ts | ts | voiceless alveolar affricate | +| d͡z | dz | dz | voiced alveolar affricate | +| t͡ʃ | tS | tS | voiceless post-alveolar affricate | +| d͡ʒ | dZ | dZ | voiced post-alveolar affricate | +| ʈ͡ʂ | tS | ts\` | voiceless retroflex affricate | +| ɖ͡ʐ | dz | dz\` | voiced retroflex affricate | +| t͡ɕ | tS; | ts\\ | voiceless palatal affricate | +| d͡ʑ | dZ; | dz\\ | voiced palatal affricate | +| k͡x | k | k_x | voiceless velar affricate | +| ɸ | F | p\\ | voiceless bilabial fricative | +| β | B | B | voiced bilabial fricative | +| f | f | f | voiceless labio-dental fricative | +| v | v | v | voiced labio-dental fricative | +| θ | T | T | voiceless dental fricative | +| ð | D | D | voiced dental fricative | +| s | s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | +| z | z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | +| ʃ | S | S | voiceless post-alveolar fricative | +| ʒ | Z | Z | voiced post-alveolar fricative | +| ʂ | s. | s\` | voiceless retroflex fricative | +| ʐ | z. | z\` | voiced palatal fricative | +| ç | C | C | voiceless palatal fricative | +| x | x | x | voiceless velar fricative | +| ɣ | Q | G | voiced velar fricative | +| χ | X | X | voiceless uvular fricative | +| ʁ | g" | R | voiced uvular fricative | +| ħ | H | X\\ | voiceless pharyngeal fricative | +| h | h | h | voiceless glottal fricative | +| ɦ | h<?> | h\\ | voiced glottal fricative | +| w | w | w | voiced bilabial approximant | +| ʋ | v# | v\\ | voiced labio-dental approximant | +| ɹ | r | r\\ | voiced alveolar approximant | +| ɻ | r. | r\\\` | voiced retroflex approximant | +| j | j | j | voiced palatal approximant | +| ɰ | Q | M\\ | voiced velar approximant | +| ⱱ | ⱱ | ⱱ | voiced labio-dental flap | +| ɾ | * | 4 | voiced alveolar flap | +| ɽ | *. | r\` | voiced retroflex flap | +| ʙ | b<trl> | B\\ | voiced bilabial trill | +| r | r<trl> | r | voiced alveolar trill | +| ʀ | r" | R\\ | voiced uvular trill | +| l | l | l | voiced alveolar lateral-approximant | +| ɫ | l | 5 | voiced alveolar lateral-approximant | +| ɭ | l. | l\` | voiced retroflex lateral-approximant | +| ʎ | l^ | L | voiced palatal lateral-approximant | +| ʟ | L | L\\ | voiced velar lateral-approximant | +| ə | @ | @ | schwa | +| ɚ | 3 | @\` | r-coloured schwa | +| ɝ | 3 | @\` | r-coloured schwa | +| ɹ̩ | r- | r\\̩ | voiced alveolar approximant | + +If you see anything wrong or missing, please let me know. + + + + +%prep +%autosetup -n gruut-ipa-0.13.0 + +%build +%py3_build + +%install +%py3_install +install -d -m755 %{buildroot}/%{_pkgdocdir} +if [ -d doc ]; then cp -arf doc %{buildroot}/%{_pkgdocdir}; fi +if [ -d docs ]; then cp -arf docs %{buildroot}/%{_pkgdocdir}; fi +if [ -d example ]; then cp -arf example %{buildroot}/%{_pkgdocdir}; fi +if [ -d examples ]; then cp -arf examples %{buildroot}/%{_pkgdocdir}; fi +pushd %{buildroot} +if [ -d usr/lib ]; then + find usr/lib -type f -printf "/%h/%f\n" >> filelist.lst +fi +if [ -d usr/lib64 ]; then + find usr/lib64 -type f -printf "/%h/%f\n" >> filelist.lst +fi +if [ -d usr/bin ]; then + find usr/bin -type f -printf "/%h/%f\n" >> filelist.lst +fi +if [ -d usr/sbin ]; then + find usr/sbin -type f -printf "/%h/%f\n" >> filelist.lst +fi +touch doclist.lst +if [ -d usr/share/man ]; then + find usr/share/man -type f -printf "/%h/%f.gz\n" >> doclist.lst +fi +popd +mv %{buildroot}/filelist.lst . +mv %{buildroot}/doclist.lst . + +%files -n python3-gruut-ipa -f filelist.lst +%dir %{python3_sitelib}/* + +%files help -f doclist.lst +%{_docdir}/* + +%changelog +* Fri May 05 2023 Python_Bot <Python_Bot@openeuler.org> - 0.13.0-1 +- Package Spec generated @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +e2b33af3c4c79dc9e39f9cf2384d0382 gruut-ipa-0.13.0.tar.gz |